Social capital refers to the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. It encompasses intangible elements such as trust, norms, and reciprocity that facilitate cooperation and collective action. While literacy, infrastructure, and the working-age population are important aspects of a country's development and human capital, they do not directly represent social capital. Mutual trust and harmony are core components that enable social cohesion and collective endeavors.